"Half a century ago, a diagnosis of leukemia in a child was considered a
death sentence. Today, approximately 85% of children diagnosed with this
once fatal disease are cured (Pui et al. 2009; US National Institutes
of Health 2010). The discovery that ushered in this dramatically
transformed outlook was the observation by Sidney Farber (1903–1973) and
his colleagues in Boston in 1948 that drugs that acted against the
vitamin folic acid could produce remissions in children with acute
leukemia (Farber et al. 1948). While carefully controlled studies were required to develop therapeutic regimens developed from these initial observations (Pocock 1977; Peto et al. 1986), the Farber article is featured in the James Lind Library
because it is an example of a treatment effect that is so dramatic that
bias can be confidently ruled out as an explanation for the
observations (Glasziou et al. 2007). What led to the landmark findings
in 1948, and what evidence was published subsequently confirming that a
major advance in treatment had been discovered" (Spain, 2010).
The research that Farber conducted has helped to save many children's lives today; without this research the mortality rate for children diagnosed with leukemia would be significantly higher than it is. For further reading the articles can be found at:
References
Farber, S., Diamond, L.K., Mercer, R.D., Sylvester, R.F., & Wolff, J.A. (1948). Temporary
Remission in Acute Leukemia in Children Produced by Folic Acid Antagonist, 4-Aminopteroyl Glutamic Acid (Aminopterin). New England Journal of Medicine, v.238. p787-793.Retrieved from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM194806032382301
Spain P, Kadan-Lottick N (2010). Observations of unprecedented
remissions following novel treatment for acute leukemia in children in
1948. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation. Retrieved from http://www.jameslindlibrary.org